![]() ![]() Leaf arrangement is spiral, but the larger shade leaves are twisted at the base to lie in a flat plane for maximum light capture. They are dark green above and have two blue-white stomatal bands below. The leaves are scalelike, 5–10 mm ( 1⁄ 4– 3⁄ 8 in) long on shoots in full sun in the upper crown of older trees, with a full range of transition between the two extremes. The leaves are variable, being 15–25 mm ( 5⁄ 8–1 in) long and flat on young trees and shaded lower branches in older trees. The root system is composed of shallow, wide-spreading lateral roots. The bark can be very thick, up to 30 cm (1 ft), and quite soft and fibrous, with a bright red-brown color when freshly exposed (hence the name redwood), weathering darker. It has a conical crown, with horizontal to slightly drooping branches. The coast redwood is known to have reached 115.5 m (379 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of 9 m (30 ft). Here, the term redwood on its own refers to the species covered in this article but not to the other two species. The name sequoia sometimes refers to the subfamily Sequoioideae, which includes S. sempervirens along with Sequoiadendron (giant sequoia) and Metasequoia (dawn redwood). Before commercial logging and clearing began by the 1850s, this massive tree occurred naturally in an estimated 810,000 ha (2,000,000 acres) along much of coastal California (excluding southern California where rainfall is not sufficient) and the southwestern corner of coastal Oregon within the United States. These trees are also among the longest-living organisms on Earth. This species includes the tallest living trees on Earth, reaching up to 115.9 m (380.1 ft) in height (without the roots) and up to 8.9 m (29 ft) in diameter at breast height. It is an evergreen, long-lived, monoecious tree living 1,200–2,200 years or more. ![]() Common names include coast redwood, coastal redwood, and California redwood. ə ˌ s ɛ m p ər ˈ v aɪ r ən z/) is the sole living species of the genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae). ![]()
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